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CLINICAL REFRACTION

1-  HISTORY 2-  VISUAL ACUITY (with and without glasses and with pinhole) 3-  External examination in diffuse light 4-  Distant direct ophthalmoscopy 5-  Pupil reaction /RAPD 6-  Extra ocular eye movements 7-  Visual field by confrontation method 8-  Cover/uncover tests 9-  Retinoscopy 10-  Subjective refraction 11-  Cross cylinder examination 12-  Duochrome test 13-  Muscle balance for far(Maddox rod test) 14-  Near point of accommodation /and convergence 15-  Muscle balance for near after adding for near 16-  Measurement of IPD 17-  Measurement of BVD 18-  Prescribing the glasses and making the patient to walk around 19-  Fundoscopy 20-  Check and recheck

VISUAL FIELD BY CONFRONTATION METHOD

1-  Introduce yourself                                                                             2-  Take verbal consent                                                                            3-  Explain procedure to the patient appropriately (follow the target, not to move head, fixate examiner nose for target etc.)                                                                              ...

VISUAL ACUITY

  1-  INTRODUCE YOURSELF 2-  TAKE VERBAL CONSENT 3-  ASSESSES THE MENTAL CALIBER OF PATIENT TO DECIDE ABOUT SNELLENS CHART PLATE 4-  EXPLAIN THE PROCEDURE 5-  CHECKS VISUAL ACUITY ONE BY ONE 6-  DOCUMENT THE RECORDED VISUAL ACUITY 7-  THANKS

PUPIL REACTION

  1-  Introduce yourself                                                                            2-  Take verbal consent                                                                             3-  Explain the procedure to the patient appropriately       4-  Give proper fixation target                                                             5-  Ask for ambient light in room      ...

EXTRAOCULAR EYE MOVEMENTS

1-  Introduce yourself                                                      2-  Take verbal consent                                                    3-  Explain the procedure to the patient appropriately(not to move head, notify you when the  subject feel pain during movement and double vision)                                                           4- Check   g ross visual acuity                                                ...

LEVATOR FUNCTION TEST

1-  Introduction                                                                             2-  Consent                                                                                     3-  Explain the procedure                                                            4-  Ask the patient to look down as far as possible               5-  Put edge of the ruler on lower m...

DISTANT DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY

1.   INTRODUCES YOURSELF 2. TAKE CONSENT FROM THE PATIENT 3. EXAMINATION SHOULD BE DONE IN SEMI DARK ROOM AND PUPILS SHOULD BE DILATED 4. EXPLAIN THE PROCEDURE 5. COMMAND TO THE PATIENT TO LOOK STRAIGHT TOWARDS YOU. 6. TO EXAMINE THE RIGHT EYE OF THE PATIENT , YOU SHOULD BE IN THE RIGHT SIDE, USE YOUR RIGHT HAND TO HOLD AND RIGHT EYE TO SEE THROUGH THE OPHTHALMOSCOPE. VICE VERSA FOR LEFT EYE. 7. PERFORM THE TEST BY CHECKING RED REFLEX AT THE PUPILLLARY PLANE BY LOOKING THROUGH THE EYEPIECE OF OPHTHALMOSCOPE. 8. KEEP THE INSTRUMENT AT ACCURATE DISTANCE OF 20-25 CM 9. CHECK BOTH EYES SEPARATELY 10. THANKS TO PATIENT