Eye Doc

As the world’s population ages, the number of people affected by cataracts is increasing. In the United States alone, there are an estimated 24.4 million people over the age of 40 who have cataracts. Cataract surgery is one of the most common procedures performed in the world, with an estimated 3 million procedures carried out each year. The surgery involves replacing the cloudy lens of the eye with a clear artificial lens. While traditional cataract surgery is safe and effective, there is a new procedure that is even better – femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS). This article will explain everything you need to know about FLACS, including the benefits, risks, and what to expect.   1.  Femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery?   Cataract surgery is the most common form of surgery performed in the United States, and the procedure has been steadily improving over the years. One of the latest innovations in cataract surgery is the use of femtosecond lasers,...

  Tearing is a common symptom that many people experience at some point in their lives. However, when the tearing is paradoxical, it can be a sign of a more serious underlying issue. Paradoxical tearing is a condition in which the eyes produce tears even when there is no obvious reason for them to do so. This can be a frustrating and uncomfortable experience for those who suffer from it. In this article, we will take a closer look at the causes and treatments for paradoxical tearing.   Causes of Paradoxical Tearing   There are several potential causes of paradoxical tearing. One of the most common causes is a blocked tear duct. When a tear duct becomes blocked, it can cause the tears to overflow and spill out of the eyes. This can happen as a result of an infection, injury, or even a congenital defect.   Another potential cause of paradoxical tearing is dry eye syndrome. Dry eye syndrome is a condition in which the eyes do not produce enough natural lubrication. This...

 

    The terminology used to study ocular trauma is called Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System or BETTS.

 

Human Lens Lens of a human eye is a transparent, biconvex, crystalline structure  It is composed of water (65%) and proteins (34%)                  Protein Content of lenses Higher than that of any organ of the body It consists of following types  -Water Soluble or Crystallins -Alpha crystallins _31.7% -Beta crystallins _53.4% -Gamma crystallins _1.5% -Water Insoluble or Albuminoids  Alpha-crystallins   -Having highest molecular weight (10)6  -M.W. of A chain – 19,500 -M.W. of B chain – 22,500 -α-Crystallins is a polymer compound and is made by fifty monomers.   Beta-crystallins -M.W. – 5x104 to 2x105 -β-Crystallins have high thiol concentration & disulphide bond linkage Gamma-crystallins  -These are the smallest crystallins. -Composed of monomers only. -Gamma-crystallin level is high in nucleus of the lens than its cortex. -Having four fraction which are immunologically identical except fraction II...

Bergmeister's papilla is a structure that arises from the center of the optic disc, consists of a small tuft of fibrous tissue and represents a rudementary fetal hyaloid artery. The hyaloid artery offers nutrients to the lens at some degree of early development inside the fetal eye, and runs forward to the lens from the optic disc.The optic disc is included by means of using a plaque of fibrous cells known as the central supporting tissue meniscus of Kuhnt . This plaque forms a fibrous sheath across the hyaloid artery wherein it leaves the optic disc. At the time of delivery of the infant the hyaloid artery regresses, and is generally absolutely regressed by the time of eyelids opening. Bergmeister's papilla is a remnant of the hyaloid artery fibrous sheath and is regularly located as an incidental finding. Bergmeister's papilla is referred to after Austrian ophthalmologist O. Bergmeister (1845–1918).

  The Mittendorf dot, determined by William Frederick Mitttendorf, is a congenital vascular abnormality of eye which takes place because of an involutional fault of the anterior terminus of anterior hyaloid artery. It manifests as a focal opacity in the infero-nasal element of the posterior lens capsular surface. It is a scientific version of persistent fetal vasculature (PFV), a spectrum of situations that rise up whilst fetal hyaloid vasculature fails to involute. The Mittendorf dot is concept to be connected to the posterior lens capsular surface itself; current research suggests the opportunity of a retrolental presence of the dot inside the anterior vitreous. A lone Mittendorf dot is a exceptionally benign clinical finding and no inflicting any visual impairment

A crystalline lens subluxation can be associated with multiple systemic factors and hence systemic evaluation is required fin addition to just eye examination. Some systemic factors that cause lens subluxation have been mentioned on another post of this website. So the systemic investigations will be the following.   CBC - due to increased incidence of thormboembolic events in general anesthesia. Serum or urine homocystein levels - to rule out homocysteinurea. VDRL - So lens subluxation caused by syphilis. Echocardiography - The ejection fraction must be adequate for patient to be operated under general anesthesia.

A subluxated lens is a condition in which the natural lens of a human eye is moved from its original position and thus causes decreased vision due to eccentric focusing of light directed towards fovea which is main focal point of vision in human eye. Lens subluxation is caused by many factors like trauma to the eyeball or any syndrome. Some of the syndromes that cause lens subluxation are as follows:  Marfan Syndrome Ehler Danlos Syndrome Weil Marchesani Syndrome Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome Syphilis Metabolic syndromes like homocysteinurea, hyperlysinemia.

 The ciliary body is the site of aqueous humor creation and it is completely associated with aqueous humor elements. The ciliary body is the front piece of the uveal tract, which is situated between the iris and the choroid.  On cross-view section, the ciliary body has the state of a right triangle, around 6 mm long, where its peak is bordering with the choroid and the base near the iris. Remotely, it joins to the scleral spur making a possible space, the supraciliary space, among it and the sclera. The outside surface structures the front addition of the uveal tract.The inside surface of the ciliary body interacts with the glassy surface and is in continuation with the retina.  The front piece of the ciliary body is known as the Pars plicata or corona ciliaris and is portrayed by ciliary cycles, which is comprised of roughly 70 outspread edges (major ciliary cycles) and an equivalent number of more modest edges (minor or middle ciliary cycles) between them.  The Par...

Its true, according to a  research paper  if you wear eyeglasses daily then you have less chances of getting COVID-19 . In the study scientist noted that those patients who wear glasses daily are 26% less likely to get Corona Virus than if you don't wear any glasses. Hence glasses like a mask also cover your eyes and prevent transmission of secretion based transmission of COVID 19.

It is a commonly confused point while discussing uveitis in eye that either the immune cells in anterior chamber of the eye are stimulate by an antigen or an epitope. Lets make this confusion a piece of cake. Antigen Epitope An anitgen is a substance that is capable of stimulating  an immune response Also known as antigen determinant. It is part of antigen that is recognised by immune system especially by anti-body B or T Cells   Two Main types:  Foreign antigen  Auto-antigen Two Main types:  Conformational  Linear The amount of immune response stimulated depends upon kind and amount of antigen, route of entry in the body and individual characteristic of the individual

  Glaucoma is a multi-factorial  disease that affects our vision slowly in the matter of months  and years if not days. The eye of the patients looks perfectly fine from the outside but the inside of the eye is getting damaged. Retina which is the inner most layer of the eyeball is most prone to damage. The most common factor being the raised intraocular pressure. Intraocular pressure can be raised due to obstruction of the watery fluid from the inside of the eye where it is continuously being produced. This raised intraocular pressure compresses the micro fibers of the retina and thus decreasing the peripheral field of the vision. Retinal fibers that are involved  in the straight ahead vision are not affected until the disease has progressed to its most severe form after which the person becomes permanently blind. This comes to the patient out of the blue that he is blind all of a sudden. So it is necessary that when ever you go an ophthalmologist for your gross vi...

  COVID 19 is a viral disease that can affect eyes and you may feel itching, burning, watering and redness in your eyes. If you are un-sure of COVID 19 affecting your eyes try stretching your lower eyelid down and see if its reddish more compared to other white of the eye. If it is more reddish than the white area of your eye then probably your eyes are affected with a virus which if more endemic in your area can be COVID 19 conjunctivitis. You don't have to worry about it, you just take artificial tears which can be from drug stores over the counter and start instilling single drop in both eyes four times a day for 7 days. Don't forget to visit an Ophthalmologist in the mean while to prevent any complication from viral conjunctivitis like corneal ulcers.