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CLINICAL REFRACTION


1- HISTORY

2- VISUAL ACUITY (with and without glasses and with pinhole)

3- External examination in diffuse light

4- Distant direct ophthalmoscopy

5- Pupil reaction /RAPD

6- Extra ocular eye movements

7- Visual field by confrontation method

8- Cover/uncover tests

9- Retinoscopy

10- Subjective refraction

11- Cross cylinder examination

12- Duochrome test

13- Muscle balance for far(Maddox rod test)

14- Near point of accommodation /and convergence

15- Muscle balance for near after adding for near

16- Measurement of IPD

17- Measurement of BVD

18- Prescribing the glasses and making the patient to walk around

19- Fundoscopy

20- Check and recheck

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